Russia: Transfer of Russian Nuclear Technology Reported by the Press - 1990-1999
The Risk Report
Volume 5 Number 6 (November-December 1999)
Importing Country: Brazil
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Minatom
Date: 1994
Activity: Signs cooperation agreement in applied basic research, controlled
thermonuclear fusion, research reactors, and radioisotope production
Importing Country: China
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Minatom
Date: 1993
Activity: Agrees to construct a three-module centrifuge enrichment plant
in Chengdu, Sichuan province
Importing Country: China
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Minatom
Date: 1996
Activity: Finishes first module of a 200,000 SWU/yr centrifuge enrichment
plant in Shaanxi province
Importing Country: China
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Minatom
Date: 1996
Activity: Completes first module of a 200,000 SWU/yr centrifuge enrichment
plant in Chengdu
Importing Country: China
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Minatom
Date: 1996
Activity: Completes first stage of centrifuge enrichment plant in Lanzhou,
Gansu province
Importing Country: Cuba
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Atomstroiexport
Date: 1999
Activity: Agrees to continue construction of two 440 VVERS at Juragua nuclear
power plant
Importing Country: India
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Atomstroiexport
Date: 1998 (original contract in 1988)
Activity: Begins work on design of two VVER-1000 light-water reactors to
be installed in Kudankulam
Importing Country: Indonesia
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Minatom
Date: 1997
Activity: Offers package deal to help with development of the nuclear power
industry, including fuel supply, personnel training and thermonuclear synthesis
Importing Country: Iran
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Minatom
Date: 1995
Activity: Agrees to complete work on nuclear power plant at Iranian port
of Bushehr
Importing Country: Iran
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Minatom
Date: 1995
Activity: Extends $800 million Bushehr contract to cover nuclear fuel supplies
from 2001 to 2011
Importing Country: Iran
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Minatom
Date: 1995?
Activity: Concludes deal for transfer of reactor equipment and technology
for desalinization, a research reactor for University of Tehran, and equipment
for gas centrifuge enrichment of uranium (deal later canceled)
Importing Country: Iran
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Novovoronezh training centre
Date: Mid- to late 1990s
Activity: Trains 30-40 Iranian for operations at Bushehr
Importing Country: Iran
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Minatom
Date: Mid- to late 1990s
Activity: Trains Iranian physicists and mathematicians at Institute of
Engineering and Physics in Moscow
Importing Country: Iran
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Minatom
Date: Late 1990s
Activity: Plans to triple number of specialists working on Bushehr project
from 300 to 1000
Importing Country: Iran
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Unknown
Date: 1998
Activity: Russian nuclear scientists secretly advise on how to produce
heavy water and nuclear grade graphite, believed by U.S. officials to be
intended for the manufacture of plutonium
Importing Country: Iran
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Minatom
Date: Mid- to late 1990s
Activity: Sells tritium gas and discusses a second sale of tritium
Importing Country: Iran
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Minatom
Date: 1998
Activity: Negotiates to sell a 40 MW heavy water reactor
Importing Country: Iran
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Minatom
Date: 1999
Activity: Prepares proposal on the sale of three additional power reactors
Importing Country: Iran
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Mendeleyev University of Chemical
Technology and the Scientific Research and Design Institute of Power
Technology (NIKIET)
Date: 1999
Activity: Sells sensitive heavy water production technology, nuclear-grade
graphite production technology, and research reactor design, triggering
U.S. trade sanctions
Importing Country: Iran
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Izhorskiye Zavod
Date: 1999
Activity: Produces equipment for Bushehr plant including equipment for
reactor’s primary circuit, the reactor vessel, the steam generator
casing, the head for unit 1, and internals
Importing Country: Iran
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Electrosila
Date: 1999
Activity: Agrees to provide two nuclear generators worth approximately
$20 million to Bushehr
Importing Country: Libya
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Russian government
Date: 1997
Activity: Agrees to rehabilitate Tajura nuclear research center near Tripoli
Importing Country: Syria
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Unknown
Date: 1995
Activity: Ships undisclosed amount of zirconium through Cyprus
Importing Country: Syria
Russian Developer, Exporter or Manufacturer: Atomstroiexport and the Scientific
Research and Design Institute of Power Technology (NIKIET)
Date: 1998
Activity: Agrees to construct nuclear research center including a 25 MW
light water pool-type reactor